Add a_very_big_sum algorithm to maths folder

[komalharshita]

Describe your change:

• Add an algorithm
• Fix a bug or typo in an existing algorithm
• Add or change doctests
• Documentation change

Description

This PR adds the a_very_big_sum algorithm to the maths folder. The function calculates the sum of all integers in a list. It includes input validation, type hints, and doctests to ensure correctness. This implementation is beginner-friendly and aligns with the repository’s Python style and contribution guidelines.

Why is this valuable?

• Demonstrates a simple and efficient way to sum integers in a list.
• Provides type hints and doctests for validation.
• Useful for learners exploring basic Python algorithms.
• Fully compliant with TheAlgorithms/Python coding standards.

How do we know it’s correct?

• Doctests have been included and tested locally.
• Example test cases cover normal lists, empty lists, and large integers.

References

• GeeksforGeeks – Sum of elements in an array (https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/sum-of-elements-in-an-array/)

Checklist:

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized
• I know that pull requests will not be merged if they fail the automated tests
• This PR only changes one algorithm file
• All new Python files are placed inside an existing directory (maths/)
• All filenames are in all lowercase characters with no spaces or dashes
• All functions and variable names follow Python naming conventions
• All function parameters and return values are annotated with Python type hints
• All functions have doctests that pass the automated testing
• All new algorithms include at least one URL that points to Wikipedia or another similar explanation

[algorithms-keeper]

Click here to look at the relevant links ⬇️

🔗 Relevant Links

Repository:

• Contributing guidelines
• Project Euler solution guidelines

Python:

• Formatted string literals (f-strings)
• Type hints
• doctest
• unittest
• pytest

Automated review generated by algorithms-keeper. If there's any problem regarding this review, please open an issue about it.

---

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• @algorithms-keeper review-all to trigger the checks for all the pull request files, including the modified files. As we cannot post review comments on lines not part of the diff, this command will post all the messages in one comment.

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[algorithms-keeper]

An error occurred while parsing the file: maths/special_numbers/a_very_big_sum.py

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/opt/render/project/src/algorithms_keeper/parser/python_parser.py", line 146, in parse
    reports = lint_file(
              ^^^^^^^^^^
libcst._exceptions.ParserSyntaxError: Syntax Error @ 2:3.
parser error: error at 1:2: expected one of (, *, +, -, ..., AWAIT, EOF, False, NAME, NUMBER, None, True, [, break, continue, lambda, match, not, pass, ~

def a_very_big_sum(arr: list[int]) -> int:
  ^

[algorithms-keeper]

Click here to look at the relevant links ⬇️

🔗 Relevant Links

Repository:

• Contributing guidelines
• Project Euler solution guidelines

Python:

• Formatted string literals (f-strings)
• Type hints
• doctest
• unittest
• pytest

Automated review generated by algorithms-keeper. If there's any problem regarding this review, please open an issue about it.

---

algorithms-keeper commands and options

algorithms-keeper actions can be triggered by commenting on this PR:

• @algorithms-keeper review to trigger the checks for only added pull request files
• @algorithms-keeper review-all to trigger the checks for all the pull request files, including the modified files. As we cannot post review comments on lines not part of the diff, this command will post all the messages in one comment.

NOTE: Commands are in beta and so this feature is restricted only to a member or owner of the organization.

[algorithms-keeper]

An error occurred while parsing the file: maths/special_numbers/a_very_big_sum.py

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/opt/render/project/src/algorithms_keeper/parser/python_parser.py", line 146, in parse
    reports = lint_file(
              ^^^^^^^^^^
libcst._exceptions.ParserSyntaxError: Syntax Error @ 21:1.
parser error: error at 20:2: expected one of (, *, +, -, ..., AWAIT, EOF, False, NAME, NUMBER, None, True, [, break, continue, elif, else, lambda, match, not, pass, ~

<<<<<<< HEAD
           ^