[installdependencies.sh] refactor: support microdnf, handle .deb installation errors

[konstruktoid]

This PR:

• trim lines
• removes Fedora-specific dnf code, since dnf has basically replaced yum on all RedHat variants
• adds support for microdnf, used by eg minimal RockyLinux images
• makes the script fails if not all dependencies are available (installdependencies.sh returns success when there are errors on Ubuntu #3499)
• updates the dependencies to comply with https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/install/linux-ubuntu-install?tabs=dotnet9&pivots=os-linux-ubuntu-2404

Installation test logs are available at https://gist.github.com/konstruktoid/438fa3abdaf787b3e5bcd36935764f0d

[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

This PR refactors the dependency installation script to improve reliability, modernize package manager support, and handle errors more gracefully. The changes focus on better error handling, broader package manager compatibility, and updated dependency lists.

Key changes:

• Added strict error handling with set -e -o pipefail and improved conditional checks
• Consolidated RedHat-based package manager detection to support dnf, yum, and microdnf
• Updated dependency lists to include newer library versions (libssl3, libicu74/73)

[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

Copilot reviewed 1 out of 1 changed files in this pull request and generated 4 comments.

[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

Copilot reviewed 1 out of 1 changed files in this pull request and generated 2 comments.